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Amaphrothokoli Okusebenza Kwesibini Nokuthuthwa
Iilisthili Zokuphephileyo LokuSukuma
Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezikhoyo zokushicilela kanye nokuhlola kwezinsiza ngalanga lomhlanje kukho kuhluke ukuthi uzogcina amanqaku. Le ndlela yokushicilela kufanele liqhame lehlukene ngezihlobo ezinethemba nezilungiselelo zokusebenza kwesinye sisekelo sokulula, lokhu kufanele likhangele amaphethelo angaphambili ukuba bazingeziwe izigoduso ezikhandzeni. Izindawo eziphathelwe zifanele zibe ekwiphi emazibuko, ukuhlolwa kokubhedelela, kunye nomphumela wokuqala okanye umphumela wokugcwalisa wesintsha kunye nokusetyenziswa komphumela wehydrauliki. Ukugcina amandla akhe apha kuhluke ukuthi uzoke khona nokuhlola. Ngoko ke, sizogcina isenzo kunye nokuthatha idlozi eliphakathi lokho kuzo kuhluke ukuthi uzogcina amanqaku futhi uzokuphumelela amacala, lokho kufanele kube phakathi kwezinto ezisahlukene zokusebenza kwezinsiza.
Amaphrofesiya Wesinye Sokuhlola Komphendule
Ukushicisha ngokwesikhatsi iimboniso ezikhulu zomthwalo kuhluke kakhulu ukubaluleka ukuthi umthwalo wakhe uhlola ngendlela. Iilimi ngezantsi njenge-umthwalo, umbhombho, kunye neziqhutywa zokuhlola kufanele lizibophezwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ukusebenzisa amaphrojeketi yokushicisela nomthwalo nokugcina kukhu kuhluke kakhulu ukubaluleka ukuthi umthwalo akwazi ukusafutha ukwenza imithwalo eziphumaphi. Ngokungavulene neemvelo yobophelo, sizohlola izimali zethu zokushiciswa ngokubonisa ngamandla amasiko. Leli ngenze ekuvunyeneyo sihluke kakhulu ukubaluleka umthwalo futhi sikusindiswa abasebenzisi ukuthi umthetho uwahlola ngendlela ngisho ngemuva kokuthi umthwalo uzoba ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngelokhi lokuhlola. Okukhangelweyo kuhluke kakhulu kukusetshenziswa ukuthi kuhlanganise indawo yokusebenza okusafutha kunye nokususa.
Ukuphatha Imithwalo Ngeenyathi Nokudibanisa Amasitolo
Ukufunda Izikhwalithi Zokushiciswa Komthwalo Ngenqanawe
Ukugcina amandla ahlukileyo kwezikhatsi zokubeka (LMIs) ngokuphathelene kuhlukele lokuhlola amakheli. Izikhatsi eziningi lezi khethela uguquko olunye kwiqhutywa lomncedo nokulandelana ngephakathi lokuncedisi, ngokuyingxenyeni ukuthi amakheli akhuse umncedi wakhe nokuthi akwazi ukungabaleka. Ukufundisa kulula, ngoba amahloli babizwa ukuba bakwazi ukugcina LMIs ukusure kamva emazweni yobunani obunikezwe nobumthetho bokugcina ukucabanga nokuziphindaphinda izikhatsi. Ukugcina amandla kuhlukele, futhi ukuthi usizo lapho akhona okungasetyenziswa ngokuphathelene kwezikhatsi zokubeka kungafanelele ukuthi kuhlupheke iindlela ezidingekayo. Ngokushesha, ukuthi akhuphiwe ukusetshenziswa ngokuphathelene kwezikhatsi zokubeka kungabonisa imibiko ezingaphambili, njengokuthi ukuthi abe ngamabangako lwesikhatsi esikhatsini sokuqala kuhlanganise ukusuka kwamakheli nokuthi amagama angaba amacola, emphumeleyo ukuthi lokhu kuhlukele ukuthi kube ngokuphathelene kanye nokuthi kuhloniphe umkhawulo wesicelo.
Amalunga Amahhulu Wesithayithi
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinyezi zokubuyiselwa ngakwesobizo lokuhlola ukuthi umoya omphakathi wendlela alithole amandla njengoko uhlala kwiqhobo lwenqumo. Ukusetha izinyezi ezibuyiselwayo ngeyiphi imveliso engavunyelwe kunye nomphakathi osebenzayo sokugcina esikhundleni sizohlola isenzo sasihlangene. Abanye abasebenzisi babenza ngokulungiselelwa ukufaka izinethi, okungenani luhlukaniselo lokusebenza, lokuhluke ukuthi uzogcina inqubo yezinyezi ezibuyiselwayo ngokwesobizo lokuhlola ukuthi ubucababi besebele kulandelule kokuthi imveliso yomncedo kanye nokuphakamisana. Izindlela ezahlukene zokusetyenziswa kwesifundo sokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinyezi ezibuyiselwayo kunye nokuhlola kumncedo kukholela indlela yokuhlola ukuthi usetyenziswa kakhulu kanye nokuhlola ukuthi umoya omphakathi wendlela alithole amandla.
Ukubeka Ukuphakama Kwemilondolozi Ngenqanawe
Amamethodi Akuqaphela Ukuphakama Kwemilondolozi
Ukubheka Ukuphakama Kwemilondolozi Kokuthi i-Crane yeloli ukusebenza kuhlukelela, futhi ukugcina amandla okubonakalayo kwezilondolozi zokuphucula zihlukelela ezindaweni. I-Standard Proctor test nge-California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test ziyizimo ezikhoyo ezaziqashelwe ukuze zazingezele izilondolozi zabelungu. I-Standard Proctor test zingenza umoya wamandla odingekayo lokulondoloza ukuba uhlangane nezilondolozi eliphambili lokuhlukela, ngaphandle kokuba i-CBR test lisingeza umandla wezilondolozi ngokushesha kwezinto ezikhulu. Ukuvavanya indlela yokuhlukela kwezilondolozi kukhangelela, ngoba kuzodinga phakathi nokuhlukela komphendulo. Izicatshulwa ezintathu ezinikezeliwe ngokwesobizo zikhuluma ngokujabulileyo ngokuthi ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezitshatsi zokuhlukela zidinga ukufinyelela ukusuka kweziphiwo. Ukusetyenziswa kwazo kumandla kuhlukelela lokusebenza kwe-crane, okuningi lokungcono ukuthi imiswe yezilondolozi kanye nokuthola ukususa amanani.
Amabomvu Abasebenza Amaphakathi
Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlu zokugcina ngakwesobizo kuhluke kakhulu lokuhlola nokusebenza kwezicelo. Ngokuqondisa ukuba ezindlu zokugcina zibe yonke le ndawo, izicelo ziqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwesilondolozi esinqwenqwene. Izimdlobi zokusetshenziswa kwezindlu zokugcina zizama ukubekwa ngezihlanga lomthi nezilondolozi zombili ukuze akukho amaphutha. Ngokushesha, amaphrofesheni ababhedwayo babesazi ukuba ukusetshenziswa okulandelayo kwezindlu zokugcina kuyahlala kumahhadi angamava emva kokusetshenziswa kwezicelo. Kuhluke kakhulu ukubeka indlela eyayiphi ngalo ukusetshenziswa kwezindlu zokugcina ukuze kuhlinywe iindlela zokungapheli. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlu zokugcina ngemvume yokuphathelana nokuhlola ukuthi ubani bethu ngale ndawo kunquma isiphumo sokuthi akukho ukudibana noma ukufuneka.
Amas Trinity Okuziphatha Ukusetyenziswa
Iindlela Zokuhlola Ukuncane Kwemali Lwendawo
Ukugcina amandla okwesikhephe ngokubalulekileyo kuhlukele iindleko zokuphumelela ukusuka emva kokusebenza kwe-crane. Iindlela zakho zihlukile amagama amacandle ku- minimum clearance kunye nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezivisitile ukuze abasebenzisi babuye basebenze ubuninzi bokuthi ngasemva kokusebenza kwezindlela zokuphumelela. Izindlela ezibhekene nezimpahla zifuna ukusetshenziswa kwezisekelo ezikhethelwayo kunye nokuhlala ukuthi wonke amadoda wesebenti wayazi ukuthi yinhlangano yokuphumelela kwezindlela zokuphumelela yinhloko. Ngokushesha, abasebenzisi bayahlukile umsuzwana wokuqala we-20 ameeti ngakumbi lokhu olungakhona amanani apho akhethwe. Ngokulandelayo kweBureau of Labor Statistics, ukwenqaniswa kwesiphumo sokuphumelela kwezindlela zokuphumelela sikuyenza ukususa amarates wamaphrojekthi, ukubonisa inqanawe yesiphumo leyiyo lokuhlukaniswa kwezindlela ezidingekayo.
Amasistimu Asebenza Ukudibanisa Umoya Wesithathu
Ukuphinda ukusetyenziswa kwezicatshulenti zomoya kuhluke kakhulu lokuxhasa iimvume yezokubuya ngaphandle kokuthi amacalane angazisebenza, okanye ngaphakathi komoya wokuqala phakathi komoya ofumanekayo apha uphinde umoya uvunyelwe. Izidingo ezinikezelayo njenge-anemometers kunye namanjezi amanzele amahhadi lelizwe lomoya, luvumela abasebenzisi bazifunde izidingo zokuthola ngendawo yokugcina ukusebenza xa kufuneka. Le ndaba yalokungcono kulula ukusetyenziswa kwamacalane ngoba imoya engaphezulu kuhlula amaxwebhu, njengokusho isithombe esikhethiswayo ukuba kukhonjwa indawo elandelayo kanye nokuba kuzihlangene nokwesusa kwezincinci zokuthi zicala zonke eziphathelwe ngamoya. Ngokuthi sihlaleke amasistimu amaphambili okuthola imoya, sibona ukuthi amacalane angazisebenza ngokukhulu kunye nokuncane, ukuze ususe inani lesixhaso kumoya.
Uhlobo Lwesicelo Sodvumenthedisi kunye noMphathiso Wokubuyela Kwisikhashana
Izicwangciso Zokuhlonipha Zingezansi OOSHA
Ukufolofela kwezi zinto ezinethweniwe ngokuthi OSHA- compliant training requirements kuhluke kakhulu lokugcina amaphathisithi we-crane ukusureka isenzo esiphakeme. Ukulinganiswa nokuhlola okukhethwe ngu-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) uzame ukuxhasa izinto nezilungiselelo ezikhoyo ezifanayo ngephakathi kokubala kanye nokuhlola olungaphambili. Le ndlela yokuqhathanisa lizama ukuba amaphathisi akho amahle amaziphiwo lokusebenza ukwenzela ukuba bakwazi ukuphatha amaziphiwo amadifefe, ukususa ukupheli kwesikhatsi sokunqamukeleko. Amagosa ekhishini elingana khona baphindaphinda ukuthi ukulungiswa nge-amandla OSHA azange asetshentle ukusuka isiqephu sasihlukaniselo, ngoba abaphathisi babalulekile abangakho ukwenza imisebenzi yokudibanisa ukuba bakwazi ukuphatha amaziphiwo amadifefe, ukususa ihuman error, kunye nokuhlola ukuphakamisa izinhlelo zokusafani.
Umbiko wesikhatsi somkhono
Ukubuya kwezindlela ezidinga ukulandelayo lokusebenza kuhluke umkhono olupheleleyo nokuthola amandla ukususa iziphayiso ngemvume kweentsimbi. Izinhlobo zomkhono zihluke zizoba ngezinto ezincane ezidinga uphawu lomsebenzi ukukholelwa kuzo zokuthola. Umbuso wamakhathelo yamanje yiyingxenye yokuhlala ekunene esethenziswa ukufinyelela abasebenzisi ngakwesikhatsi, futhi ukungena isibonelo sokuthi ubudlelwano besifundo sasihle. Ngaphandle komphawu lwesikhatsi, abasebenzisi bazokubona amandla akhe kungapho zingazange zisisebenze zikhulu. Ngalokho, usizo olungasetyenziswa kumkhakha lokusebenza lokugcina leentsimbi yakhiwo, lokungabonisa uhlobo oluhle kwehlukaniselo. Ngokubheka kwezinsuku ezahlukene, abasebenzisi bazokwenza umbuso wesikhatsi esetshenziswa ukuthola isifundo, ukungabeka ukuthuthukisa nokuvavanya okusebenza ngokukhulu ngalokhu omkhono olupheleleyo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yini eyayixhaswa kwi-checklist yomsindo oselemntini kweentsimbi?
Umbhali wokushesha kwezinsuku zakhe zikhululeka ukuba zisukele umboniso okubhekisele futhi izilungiselelo zokusebenza kwezinye izinhlela ezikhoyo, njengamavoti, ukuhlawula kwesibhedlela, noma ukukhangela amandla edinilekayo kunye nezintlonzo eziqhutywayo.
Ngaphi indlela yokuvavanya kuqala kwezinye izinhlela ezikhoyo ze-crane?
Indlela yokuvavanya kuqala kukholela ukusetyenziswa kwe-crane. Ngokuhlanganisa amasiko aqondisiwe ngokupheleleyo, njenge-hoist, iboom, kunye nezilayezulu zokusebenza, abasebenzisi bazivumelela ukuthi basebenze amalendelo amasafeni kunye nokuhlola kwezindlela ezisazisi.
Jika kanjani imvavazo yomphakathi wesihlanu yokuvavanya kuhlukelela uhlobo lokusebenza lwe-crane?
Amavavazo amahlukelela wesihlanu, njengemfundo we-Standard Proctor kunye noCBR test, bayenza ukukhangela ukuba umphakathi ungangatho. Ukukhangela kakhulu kuhlela ukufaka amandla apho amalendelo akhishwe ngokuphambili, ukusetyenziswa kwe-crane kuhlelwe kunye nokufinyelela iindawo.
Ngubani amakhetho kwezilungiselelo ezikhululekileyo kwe-OSHA zombuzo wecrane?
I-OSHA ingalumela ukuthi kuhluke izinhlelwa nezilungiselelo eziphakeme, ezifocuse kwisebe sokugcina nokwesiboniselo esiqendu, ukuze abasebenzisi babuyele kuqinisekisa ukwenza imisebenzi engaphezulu nokufinyelela ukususa udlula kwezihulumeni.