Imakhina Yophavu Lomandla: Amasolosheni Okuphambili Okusebenza Lokuhlola

Zonke Izigaba

umshini wokugcoba

Umsebenzi wokuhamba okumechanical ngu-mashinini yomthwalo wokuqala luhlola lokulaywa kwezinto ezifanekiso zokuthi asfalti, ikhoni engebetheki noma amanye amathuluzi azilaywe ngendlela enhle kunye nekuqinisekileyo ukuze kuhlanganiswe imibhalo yokubhedlisa nezinhlobo zokusebenza. Leshayela elijabulayo lehlola lesikhono sithetha izinto zokuthuthukiswa, ukusuka kunye nokuphucula emanzini ngokushesha esikhatsi sikhethekileyo. Ngaphambili kwemashinini wenkulungwane, akhiwo ayiqale umthwalo wokulaywa, okufuneka kusenziwe kwi-dump trucks, kunye nesishayelo esihamba esingcabangca esiphucule umthwalo phakathi komphephandaba. Ukukhubazekile kwe-paver ngokuthi kusukele isikrini esifundekayo, okulingana nokugcina ngokuphakathi kunye nokugcina ngokuphakathi umthwalo wokulaywa ngamahhala kunye nokudibanisa. Amashayela amandla amodern angakho amahhovhu amaqondisiwe amagreydi kunye namasipho, ukusure ukuthi umthwalo wokulaywa uzikhona ngendlela enhle ngaphandle kokuthi i-terrain ingezantsi. Ikhawunti lokuhamba kunye neminyaka engavame ehlola ekupheleni kwezinhlobo zokubhedlisa ngokubuyekeza ukuthi iproject zizikhona ngendlela enhle. Izixhobo ezindala zithetha izingxenyeni ezidingekayo ze-screed, ukususa ukuthi umthwalo wokulaywa uzikhona ngendlela enhle, kunye nokuhlola okuyinkantolo yokuhlola. Le makhaya akhiwo akhohlwa amaprowesi aphantsi aphandle kokuthi amashayela amadibanise amalayiswayo kunye nokuthi amaxhuma amandla.

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Umsebenzi wokuhlela amacala angazibiza izinkinga ezininzi ezingavumelekile kakhulu ngaphandle kwezilimi zokuthiwa ezintsha. Yonke, uyathatha isenzo sokuqhubeka kakhulu ngokubhala amacala ngokuzenzakalelayo, uvulekile amagcina ukwenza imisebenzi emasungundlovhu esikhulu ngqukukeneyiphi na ngokuphephandaba. Amasistimu asesiqiniso asihlela ukuba umsuka wesithathu wamanye amacala kunye nokuhlula kwezinye zezinto, uzokususa izinhloso zokuthiwa ezizama ukufika kwesimboniso sokuthiwa okukhawulekileyo ezifaneleyo neziphumo ezisusiweyo. Izinhloso ezihlelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo zingabheka iindlela ezikhoyo nezindawo zemanzini, uzokususa ukusetyenziswa kwesimanje kunye nokuvumela izicwangciso zomlambo. Imininingwane yokubheka utemperatshuri kunye noma yokuqinisa ukuthiwa okunikezela usenzo lokusebenza, uzokususa ukuba amacala angayazi ngokulandelana, ukuze kuneenketho ezincane nokuthiwa olungaphezu lokuthiwa. Ukuba kungayazi ukubhala umsuka wesithathu kunye nomndeni wezinsuku uhlela ukuthiwa ngokushesha, uzokususa ukuthola umthengiso, ukuze abasebenzisi babone amacala amaningi ngaphandle kokuthiwa ngokushesha. Amasebenzi amandla amanandiyo angenziwa ngokushesha, ungakho kungafaka amacala ngokupheleleni, uzokususa ukuba akhonzi amajoyi amancane kunye nokuthiwa olungaphezu lokuthiwa. Ngokushesha, amasebenzi amandla angahamba ngokushesha, ungakho kungafaka amacala ngokupheleleni, uzokususa ukuba akhonzi amajoyi amancane kunye nokuthiwa olungaphezu lokuthiwa. Okungakho kungafaka amacala ngokupheleleni, uzokususa ukuba akhonzi amajoyi amancane kunye nokuthiwa olungaphezu lokuthiwa. Ngiyabonga.

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imishini yokukhiqiza ama-paver kakhonkolo

Amasistimu Akhawuleza

Amasistimu ephakathi kwezimali ezimeleko zihlabeleka ngokukhulu izindlela zokuthengisa umthetho wokuqala. Umncedisi uhlala nge- multiple sensors kunye ne-computerized controls okungafuna ukubheka nokuvavanya iimpahla zokuphakamisela ngokuzincedi. Izidingo ze-grade kunye ne-slope zisebenzisa amareferense esonikazi kunye ne-laser ukuthola ukudibanisa lokulandelayo lomthombo kunye ne-cross slope, ukusure ka-drainage kunye nokugunya imithetho yezindlu ezincane zokuthengiswa. Isistimu sokuthatha imthombo yokuba yahlala yimfihlo emva kokuthiwa isondelela lokuhlola nokuvavanya imifihlo wesondela ukuthola uphasi lwesondela, ukusebenzela ukususa nokuvumela idensity engculwini. Izidingo zotemperetsha zibheka amabomi abesondela kunye ne-temperetsha yesondela, ukuthola imizamo eyayiphi lekomprasi kunye nokufinyelela. Lezi zidingo zingakwenzeka ngenkinga lokuhlola lokushintsha, ukulinganisa ukwenza izinto ezincinci ezikhona kuhlanganiswa nokuphakamisela.

Ikhwegesithi Zokusebenzela

Ukuphakamiswa kwezimali ezimechanical zingabheka isenzo esisodwa lokho lapho kwi-industri yokuqhubeka. Izinhlobo zezimali zakwazi ukubonisa umlando wemali okuqhathanisiweyo, udlulise hot mix asphalt, warm mix asphalt, ikhoni ngokushesha, kunye nomlando we-aggregate ehluhleniweyo. Ukusetha okukhangelwe kwezimali zikhombisa izinkampani zocwaninga ukuba zibaleke amakhono omncane kanye nezikheli ezindala ngokungakwazi ukuthatha imigomo yokusebenza. Amaphandle asekrede zinakuyibuyekezela noma uzibuyekezele ngokungcono, uzokusetyenziswa kwezinye izicwangciso zeziyekelwayo. Ukuphakamiswa kwezimali zakwazi ukwenza ukuthi igama lenkqubo lengalimi ngokuphambili lokusebenza kwezinye izindlela eziningi kunye nokuhlelwa kwezinto eziphambiliweyo ngendawo yokusebenza. Izinga lezi zamodeli ezintathu zinakuyizikhredu zasekrede ezichasene ngezinye iindlela, uzomaximiseza uphakamiswa kwesimali sengaphe yiyo ngokusebenzela kwezinye izicwangciso.

Ukuphakamiswa kunye nokusasa ukuthi kudlule

Amabhizinisi abaphakathi kwezikhono zokugcina amacala engenileyo nokuthi azibonakalayo. Izinhlelo ezinamandla ziziphindaphindi ukususa izinhlelo zomsebenzi ngenqanawe ngokubonisa amarhawu athisha, lokungaba ngendlela yokuhlala yezilimi. Izinga loluhlu lwenqanawe lokusebenza kwezinto zisusa umoya wokuhlala okanye ukuphatha kwesikhashana sokuthi akukho ususo olufunekayo ngokuba kuzosusa amarambiso angaphambili. Ukuphatha kwezindlela eziphathelene ngephrofayela kususa ukuthi akukho indlela yokuhlala yokuthi kuyaziphatheka ngemisebenzi womsebenzi wesikhashana nokulahla ukuthi akukho isixa esikhatsi nokulahla ukuthi akukho imali yesikhashana. Ukuphatha kokuthi le makhina ingabona umoya wokuhlala wezinto ngesikhatsana esidingeni kunokwenzela ukuthi akukho iindleko elingekho ukuthi zifanele ukuhlanganiswa noma ukususa, lokungaba ngendlela yokuhlala yezilimi. Ngakho ke, ukuphatha kakhulu kwezikhono ezihlalekileyo ezinikezelwa ngamakhina inceda uzinyeziwe kakhulu nokulahla ukuthi akukho amagama amahhovha emazini ekwamanje nokulahla ukuthi akukho imali yesikhashana esidingeni, lokungaba ngendlela yokuhlala yezilimi.